Is your goal a beautiful landscape feature, or a pond that is teeming with lots of different organisms?

"Life" ponds are going to look messier, but most of the people on the forum prefer supporting creatures rather than strictly ornamental. The crayfish "landscaping" your yard is just one example.

Many of us grow fish to catch and/or eat, but there are lots of people that do projects specifically to support pond related creatures and the enhancement of their habitat.

If you search some of the postings from RAH or azteca, you might find some projects that interest you.

A healthy pond should have thousands of tiny organisms in the water, especially at certain times of the year. You might try your jar test again, now that you have performed your alum treatment.

I suspect part of your water murkiness may be due to stirred up sediment (that is the part that cleared after 1 hour), and part may be due to all of your micro-organisms.