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Relation of Largemouth Bass Reproduction to Crowded Sunfish Populations in Florida Ponds D. Hugh Barwick Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, Eustis, Florida, 32726 USA
Dennis E. Holcomb Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, Eustis, Florida, 32726 USA
D. Hugh Barwick Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, Eustis, Florida, 32726 Dennis E. Holcomb
Abstract Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were studied in an effort to determine if a repressive factor or predation by sunfishes (Lepomis sp.), or both, caused failure of bass reproduction in ponds crowded with sunfishes. In addition, we observed anosmic bass to determine if lack of olfaction would allow bass to spawn, in the event that a repressive factor operating through the sense of smell was the inhibitor. However, neither a repressive factor nor sunfish predation was believed to be responsible for lack of reproduction. Lack of reproduction was apparently associated with a physical factor that in some way interrupted normal bass breeding activity.
Behavioral Suppression of Spawning in Largemouth Bass by Interspecific Competition for Space Within Spawning Areas • STEPHEN LEE SMITH Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission Eustis, Florida 32726 ABSTRACT Florida largemouth bass, f ail to spawn i n association w ith Dense p opulations o f stunted sunfish. A recent study indicatedt hat a "physicalf actor" rather than a chemical factor may be responsible. Three hatcher• pondsc ontainingm arkedb assw ere stockeda t different pointsi n the bass reproductivec yclew ith concentrationosf sunfishk nownt o suppresss pawning.I t was determined that reduced or complete inhibition of spawning of largemouth bass is related to interspecific populationd entities in the spawning area and is behavioral in nature. Suppression is linked to aggressive interaction with other species,primarily affects the male bass, and is effective in suppressing the spawning behavior sequence even before nest construction. Other workers have reported the failure of largemouth bass to spawn in the presence of large numbers of sunfish and concluded that failure was due to either sunfish predation on the eggs (Swingle and Smith 1943) or to a repressive factor excreted by sunfishes which
Barwick and Holcomb (1976) were the first to indicate that some other factor may be responsible. By segregation of bass and sunfish while allowing free flow of water between areas they obtained successful bass reproduction and concluded that suppression of spawning was probably not due to a chemical substance excreted into the water. It was postulated that "lack of reproduction was apparently associated with a physical factor that in some way interrupted normal bass breeding activity." The study reported here was an attempt to determine the nature of this "physical factor" and the point in the reproductive cycle at which it is effective.
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