It's very hard to tell what plants you are dealing with from those photos. I'm not that good with pond plant identification, but better pictures will be needed for those in the know.
Be cautious as some plants when broken up by raking will reproduce from the floaty pieces and run you in circles.
Here are some decent pictures of some plants I found in my pond. If you can get some pictures in similar fashion...you'll get better identification/control responses...
This stuff was chara IIRC.
