JC I don't use chemicals so this would be my approach to your pond weeds, chara and filamentous algae problems. Since you live in N. Georgia I'm guessing your pond temperature may not get below 45 or 50 degrees in the winter. If so, why not stock some Tilapia (that wouldn't die out because of cold water temperatures) for FA filamentous algae control, and white Amur grass carp for the chara control.

I purposely planted Eurasian Milfoil in my one acre pond. It grew so thick that I couldn't lift the boat oars out of the water because so much EM was draped over them. I put in 6 GC the first year and another 12 the second year (too many) and in four years it was completely gone.
I see Chara is one of the plants GC like to eat.