I was curious about this topic as well and dug into it about a year ago. I found that there was an article by Mark Cornwell, PhD (from SUNY Cobleskill) in a previous issue of PB magazine that lays out how he has been successful getting brook trout to spawn in ponds with some intake flow. If you call the PB office, they can find the issue and send you a copy for a small fee. It is well worth it.
It seems that it works well for brookies, however Dr. Cornwell's advice to me was that brookies are easily out competed by other predators in the pond so you can only expect recruitment if you have no other predator species (such as bass, walleye, perch, etc.). Other trout generally don't reproduce in a pond environment as readily as brookies will. If you have the right DO and temperature, trout like rainbows, browns, etc. can live in a pond, just don't expect them to reproduce.
It sounds like what you are referring to is a different set up than what he describes, however you could easily take the concepts of his design and apply them to your situation.
I'm not an authority on the topic, but have learned some along the way. I hope this helps.