^^DrewSH is correct. I'm going to take a SWAG and say that your buried line is 3/8" ID? Correct or incorrect?
If so, and the other line is the same ID I'd bet that there is a rise/dip in the line that is letting condensate collect and most likely freeze in the line.
How long is the run underground to each of the diffusers? When it burps, what is the pressure that is in the system? If you don't know what the pressure is, add a low pressure gauge (0-30 psi)
If the line is freezing you have 2 options.
1) run another line but make it 1" ID. You can neck it up/down where it enters the pond and where it exits the compressor. You could go 1/2", but the cost difference is minimal and it takes the same amount of labor to go with either size. You use black low pressure poly tubing for the run. We've run 1" line over 900 feet to a pond without any freezing issues, and we only ran it 12" deep. I know there are rises and dips in the line but it hasn't been affected in the 5 or 6 years that it's been there. That 1" line replaced a 3/8" line that was constantly giving the pond owner problems in the winter.
2) You buy one of these and install it near the compressor. It automatically injects alcohol in the line when back pressure reaches a certain psi.
air line de-icer 1 air-line deicer 2