Sure you can. It's done all the time in indoor raceways. RAS (Recirculating Aquaculture Systems) are a little more difficult as the cooler temps require more biofilter material, but it can be done and is being done. Do a search on the net and I'll be you'll find something. I found this one right off the bat.
http://www.uwsp.edu/cls/aquaCulture/6047A05.pdf One of my state trout and salmon hatcheries recirculates water to conserve on well water. The fish are mostly inside
