http://www.bio.utexas.edu/courses/bio354l/Projects/1999/Peterson_Landon/ Reproduction / recruitment / age and growth:
-Spawning occurs once every year, from April to June in turbulent areas of rivers over gravel or sand at depths of 0.6 to 2 m; or, in lacustrine populations, at windy points of shorelines where wave action mimics stream flow. The optimum temperature for spawning is 17 to 23 degrees celcius. * 23 degrees Celsius = 73.4 degree Fahrenheit
-Males usually mature by age III (three winters) with some maturing at ages II or I, while most females mature at age III. The minimum length for maturity is roughly 220 mm for males and 260 mm for females.
-The eggs are adhesive and demersal, averaging .81 mm in diameter. Incubation takes around 4.5 days at 14 degrees celcius, 77 to 98 hours at 16 degrees celcius, and roughly one day at 26 degrees celcius.
-Fecundity increases with female length and weight, more than age, and usually ranges from 61,700 to 994,000.
-Average growth is faster in the southern states, and growth during younger stages is increased with increased temperature. Females typically grow faster than males. The mean calculated total length (in millimeters), and weight (in grams) at each annulus of scale development are shown here:
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