Small northern ponds also benefit from the warming effect of the ground, that's why heat pumps work with buried coils, they take advantage of the latent heat in the ground. I would agree with Pottsy that the best of both worlds is to raise the aeration up to the shallower depths to keep open a clear window for photosynthesis, but if airflow is reduced so the mixing is not excessive with deeper bottom diffusion membranes, the water will gain heat from the ground and not stay at the supercooled temperatures. The trick is to strike a balance between natural warming at depth and circulating too much supercooled water. My vote is to keep the oxygen saturated at depth and that means aeration.


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