Evaluation tells you much of what you will want to know. So, we are getting a little ahead of ourselves by assuming any of these lakes must be drained.
You may find each one has a pipe..you may find them in better shape than you expect..you may find you like them as is, with no need to drain..you might......
1)I don't know fluid dynamics, but an engineer can tell you how long it takes to drop the lake with an 8" pipe. Common sense tells me two to three weeks, if it's not raining.
2)Not if you make the pipe long enough to extend well beyond the back toe of the dam, into the creek which was dammed in the first place.
3)You can buy a valve with a device to put a padlock.
4)Measure the distance, then call the lumberyard and ask them how much pipe costs, per foot. Ask the cost of a valve (8" valves are expensive), the different ells and couplings, and you can get an accurate estimate of materials.


Teach a man to grow fish...
He can teach to catch fish...