For an event like fish colonizing a new body of water, there are multiple possible causes. For any particular BOW, one or a combination may apply but in many cases a particular cause cannot be ruled out. Ruling out what isn't possible is big part of what science is about. It's about testing a scientific hypothesis by experiments designed to isolate the hypothesized effect.

Some questions are not scientific questions. How an unwanted fish got into a BOW isn't an scientific question if multiple causes are plausible. Remember a scientific hypothesis is one which can be proven false. With science we gain knowledge of the world by understanding what it isn't, not necessarily what it is. With a great deal of confidence I propose that how we see the world 200 years from now will be different in profound and fundamental ways.

Ultimately, even scientists are human. Scientists make mistakes. For example, one may take on a non-scientific debate and try to win the debate with pseudo-science. He could let is predispositions shape his acceptance and criticism of other ideas. Scientists, like every human, resort to the types of things humans are capable of doing ... whatever they may be. I recommend a blend of skepticism and curiosity to all. The world is more complicated than it may seem.

Last edited by jpsdad; 06/29/18 07:42 AM.

It isn't what we don't know that gives us trouble, it's what we know that ain't so - Will Rogers