Thanks Bill! Perhaps the intended usage of the diffuser impacts whether or not it contains a check valve?
I decided to do some checking. This is what happens when a diffuser meets a bandsaw......
One old 9" diffuser. I don't remember where I got it, or what brand it is.

The same diffuser after disassembly:

The base, where it threads down into it's air connection. There is simply a hole straight through to the membrane, no valves.

The membrane itself.

I'm curious as to whether or not other brands of diffusers are made the same way. Maybe this is a case where it pays to select components not just on price, but with an eye to features included?