Limiting factors are
1) soil capacity to move water without making a channel to soil that doesn't hold water and sucking air
2) well screen capacity. (I ran a double screen on my well so that wasn't a limiting factor)
3) amount of water your pump can push, when figuring in the head pressure and pipe size/length of run for any restrictions.
4) depth of your pocketbook to afford a large enough well, pump and electricity needed to keep it running.
I'd look at it a different way. I wouldn't use a bottom diffuser, I'd WANT to set up a thermocline in the pond with the well water, and make sure that it was saturated with O2 before it ever hit the pond. The trout can live below the thermocline provided they have plent of O2. They can dash up for food, or you can feed them sinking food.
I like this idea. Are there any good plans to make, or places to buy something to add O2 to well water?