Mostly a risk for piers then floating docks but the ice can will cause some damage through comprssion forces, freezing/thawing/refreezing... wind blowing ice flows etc., you might get lucky and have minimal damage but if you can easily remove the dock then better safe then sorry. I have a floating dock in now that I may not be able to remove so I am going to hook up some minimal aeration under it to stop the ice from solidly forming against it. Should work out ok and you could do the same if removal isn't an option.
Depending on the weight/size/shape of the rocks/boulders you mention you may be ok, lucky thing about most ponds is there is little water movement which reduces alot of possible ice damage. You may find that the upper boulders get shifted though.

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