My Golden Shiners tend to be in the weeds in deeper water than the shoreline.
Sometimes, but not all the time, you can see them hitting pellet feed.
One of the best ways to catch them, without a cast net or trap, is to tie on a very small beadhead fly, kind of like a nymph. Put that on a small bobber so you can cast it. The shiner will only hold that in it's mouth for a split second, so you have to be quick to set the hook.