JKB ,I have no clue what the surface area is. There are about 3500 balls the size of a golfball with around 50-100 small spines sticking out of each ball. Rainman, that looks awesome I will have to look into the fluidized sand filter thanks for the great info. Weissguy, thanks for your advise also and the great fish that seem to be doing well for now. Let's hope there are no catastrophies like last year.