OK, seems we lost some posts but I got it that Bruce does not use a closed system.

The pump that I am using has 1 1/4" in pipe size and 1" out. That water will be pumped to the top of the bio filter. How do I rig it so that the water does not splash out yet it is evenly distributed over the filter foam? The spray header buckeye uses looks like it would cause a lot of resistance. The water will then be gravity fed to the first tote then second. Will 1 1/2" pipe be big enough to keep up with the volume that the pressurized 1" pipe moves? Also, does the bacteria in the non plant biofilter need sunlight? I was going to use a metal 55gal drum. Thanks for any help.