I'd do the water temp test like Bill D suggested, but my seat of the pants thoughts are that you should put in a de-icer like they use for a stock tank. In ponds, ideally you want 5%-10% of the surface to be open to the air, to degas but more importantly to have the water pick up O2 from the air and a to let sunlight into the pond so the phytoplankton can produce O2.

As to how large a pond has to be to NOT require open water, it's more of a question about how large the BOD is on the pond.

List of acronyms

Oh and a big welcome to the forum!!


www.hoosierpondpros.com


http://www.pondboss.com/subscribe.asp?c=4
3/4 to 1 1/4 ac pond LMB, SMB, PS, BG, RES, CC, YP, Bardello BG, (RBT & Blue Tilapia - seasonal).