I think it all depends on water quality and how the fish are taken care of post catch.
In no particular order:
Channel Catfish
Largemouth Bass (or any "bass including HSB")
Yellow Perch
Bluegill/Redear Sunfish
Crappie
Walleye
For ease of growing? Channel Catfish, Bluegills, Yellow Perch, any type of bass.
While hard to catch if they are caught and released once, Channel Cats, filleted with all the red meat and fatty tissue removed are very good. Cornmeal or light breading, cooked in hot oil. Yum. Very different in taste from CC caught from the same pond without the red meat and fatty tissue removed. To be honest, you couldn't tell it was the same fish.
