I'm in Southern Wisconsin... our winter was really cold with very little snow cover... I have a small pond about 100' x 40' and about 5' deep.... I had a max of 16" of ice.. and when it melted I was scooping at least a full 5 gallon bucket of dead fish off a day for a good week!!!... from 1-2" bluegills to 15-18 inch LGM bass... I have had the water tested.. and the ph is high... but when I tested the water across the road in the 320 acre lake.. the water had the same ph... so I've all but come to the conclusion of oxygen depletion...