Steve I am reading "Small Scale Aquaculture" and there are some suggestion on which plants to use that are adapted for water. WATERCRESS, WATER CHESTNUTS, WATERLETTUCE, PHILLIPINE WATER SPINACH. Also the book said some types of plants for raft culture (floating styrofoam) and would be certain tomatoes, but didn't say what kind,, and head lettuce.
The book says plants can be grown in the water but also suggest that the medium they can be grown in is---

4 parts vermiculite
2 parts peat moss
1 part sphagnum moss
1/2 part bone meal (0-11-0)
1/2 part wood ashes (0-9-10
1/4 part sea kelp

A few years ago I went to grocery and bought a bunch of watercress and just pushed the leaves in at the edge of my pond with my fingers and they rooted and took off. Then one day they were gone. I think my grass carp eat them.

By the way, I once took the small shoots of young cattails and pealed the out sides of the stock off to the tender white center, sliced them up and added to salads. They taste pretty good.