CC spawning requires some type of spawning cavities; in the absence of such natural ones as submerged stumps or holes in the bank, it is (greatly) enhanced by artificial cavities such as buckets, tiles, etc. sized for the CC present.

Successful CC spawning in the presence of other fish species is rare. CC fry show up later and slower than the fry of almost all other fish, and are easily picked off in a multi-species pond.


"Live like you'll die tomorrow, but manage your grass like you'll live forever."
-S. M. Stirling
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