This thread is a full semester, maybe more, of college work. I've now read everything 3 times and it confirms that "It all depends".
Let one thing get out of whack and it is a sure bet that it will affect at least one other factor. When that affected factor is water quality evidenced by decreased oxygen, all other factors will be changing faster than most of us can respond.
Maximum carrying capacity, to me, is that number I reach right before the fish kill. Been there/done that, more than once.
And, it's not the numbers of fish but what I have done by over fertilization either chemically or by the fish themselves. Cody once said that fish swim/live in their own toilet and I've disregarded that a couple of times. The fish always pay for my mistakes.