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high performance batter electrodes

Last August, the seasonal harmful algal blooms (HABs) in Lake Erie grew so extreme that they poisoned the water system in Toledo, Ohio, leaving nearly half a million residents without drinking water. But a few researchers at the time collected some of the toxic HABs, and have now shown that, by heating them at temperatures of 700-1000 °C in argon gas, the HABs can be converted into a material called "hard carbon" that can be used as high-capacity, low-cost electrodes for sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries. The researchers, led by environmental engineer Dr. Da Deng at Wayne State University in Detroit, have published a paper on using HABs for electrochemical energy storage in a recent issue of Environmental Science & Technology.

http://techxplore.com/news/2015-10-scientists-algal-blooms-high-performance-battery.html



 

Last edited by Cecil Baird1; 10/10/15 07:52 PM.

If pigs could fly bacon would be harder to come by and there would be a lot of damaged trees.






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As with a lot of the "green" technology, it will probably all depend on cost to produce.

I wonder what the filtration system would cost on a large enough scale to supply water to a large city, and then what the cost would be to convert the algae?


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Of course but still interesting that algae can be a conductor. I understand FA can be made into paper.


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I think the process might be heating it in the absence of O2, which will create carbon, which is a good conductor.


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Originally Posted By: esshup
I think the process might be heating it in the absence of O2, which will create carbon, which is a good conductor.


And using Argon gas durng the heating.


If pigs could fly bacon would be harder to come by and there would be a lot of damaged trees.






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This is encouraging - thanks for sharing Cecil!


Many men go fishing all of their lives without knowing that it is not fish they are after. ~ Henry David Thoreau

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Originally Posted By: Cecil Baird1
And using Argon gas durng the heating.


A number of years ago I was in charge of the R&D dept of a company that was in the process of developing a way to cryogenically grind Calcium Metal to be used in the production of Aluminum. When the aluminum was melted, powdered calcium metal was injected to bring any impurities to the surface where it could be skimmed off.

We used liquid Nitrogen to cool the material and machines to grind it, but when it was packaged for shipment it was packaged in 55 gal. barrels with a plastic liner. The liner was filled with Argon gas to displace any oxygen (Argon is heavier than air) then sealed, and then the drums were sealed as well. That was to help prevent any spontaneous combustion during shipping. It would react violently with water, and burn at roughly the same temperature as Magnesium, 5,000°F.

It was a little treacherous, cleaning out the machines at the end of the work day. They usually had a few inches of frost on them, and they had to be cleaned out before any of the frost started to melt. If it started to melt, it would drip into the calcium metal powder, snd start a fire.......


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Yikes! I hope they paid you well.

Rex can tell us all about nasty stuff like that!


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Lots of horror stories about guys who chucked up a piece of aluminum in the lathe and began a cut, only to discover their aluminum was actually magnesium. I've never seen it myself, so can't vouch about it's veracity. Probably a could happen, but not likely kind of thing.

Now if there's mag. dust and chips laying around, and an ignition source is present, that's bad news.


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And we surmise that: BG(>)HBG(F1) while GSF(<)HBG(F1)
Would it hold true that: HBG(F1)(+)AM500(x)q.d.(=)1.5lbGRWT?
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The company I work for machines small to giant magnesium castings for aircraft everyday. The facilities are state of the art. The CO2 fire suppression system is intended to extinguish machine oil and/or electrical fires that could ignite the magnesium. We have all been told that it will not extinguish a magnesium fire. Once magnesium starts to burn, it has to burn itself out.

Last edited by Bill D.; 10/12/15 07:01 PM.

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Magnesium powder, eh? So, um, Bill maybe you could stick around late and help clean up and send me a bag of shavings? Just for scientific research, of course! No intent to create the largest compression ever witnessed on 7.4.16 or anything.

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Yeah, it's nasty stuff. The head of maintenance for the company (that's based in Walkerton, IN) was at our facility in Kingsbury, IN (we were in one of the old munitions mfg. buildings) and the Walkerton facility called. He put the phone down, his eyes were a bit big and just said "I gotta go".

About an hour after I got home, I got a call from the Walkerton facility. "Can you come in, we had an incident here."

Yeah sure, see you in 10 minutes.

I got there at about 4:30 p.m. and didn't get home 'till 6:30 the next morning.....

The mixing plant used a cement mixer barrel to combine ingredients for mixing what was sold to the steel mills for injecting into the steel melting pot. That mixture brought any impurities to the surface so they could be skimmed off too. They had just finished mixing a batch of ingredients which had calcium carbide as it's principle ingredients.

After they thought they had emptied all the material from the barrel, they loaded it up with approximately 17,000# of magnesium powder, ground rubber, I believe ground aluminum and other goodies. They started the batch plant up (the mixer) and it went ka-boom, sending the funnel that is at the rear of the cement trucks that you see right over the head of one of the workers. The rest of the mixture inside caught on fire. It also blew open the inspection door on the side of the barrel. As the mixture inside burned, it melted, and started oozing out of the inspection door.

No way to put that whole mess out, all we could do is form a "bucket brigade" with steel shovels, each person took 2 scoops, put it in a 55 gal steel barrel, went to the end of the line and wait your turn again. When the barrel got 1/2 full, industrial talc was poured on top to fill the drum, then the drum was taken outside and set on thick steel plates. If a person thought they could stand the heat enough to take 3 scoops with the shovel, the shovel actually got hot enough to droop, dropping the mess back on the pile.

That went on 'till about midnight, and by then we had removed enough of the material that we weren't *that* worried about it burning out of control and melting everything in sight. A few of us stayed all night, just watching and doing nothing, just in case it started up again.

The fire was hot enough that it melted the steel I-beams that held up the building - they were in the shape of an "S" the next day. It took a month for the barrel to cool enough so that it could be safely removed from where it rested, and it took about another 6 weeks to repair the concrete & building, and get the batch plant back up and running.

What they think happened is that one of the metal mixing fins inside the barrel partially broke free, and moved when the material was added, creating a spark. The Calcium carbide, when it decomposes, creates acetylene gas. They think there was still some Calcium carbide left in the drum. There was enough oxygen in there along with the acetylene to go ka-boom, which lit the whole mess afire.

Thankfully nobody was hurt. The guy that had the funnel go over his head? He walked out of the plant and never came back.

The local volunteer fire department was not allowed on site - all they knew how to do is put water on fires. Magnesium burns hot enough that it'd strip the H from the O2 and it would be like pouring gas on a fire.... We had a large stockpile of industrial talc, which was used to smother the magnesium. That's the only way that we could put it out. If O2 was kept away for a long enough time, the magnesium cooled down enough that it wouldn't re-ignite.


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The Calcium Metal was worse once it was ground to a powder. A drop of water would get it burning. One of the guys that worked with me had a drop of sweat roll off his nose into a dustpan that had about a handful of Calcium Metal powder in it. He was close enough to one of the open doors, and thought fast enough that when it caught, he just ran and threw the dustpan and powder outside into the parking lot.

He said he knew what was going to happen when he felt the bead of sweat rolling down his nose.....


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When I was a kid, I had a carbide lantern for fishing. Worked pretty well. I think the miners used to use them as well.

I remember a story a guy told me about "fishing" with carbide. I never tried it but his method was to put a big rock in a mason jar (old kind with a glass lid) then add carbide and water. Put on the lid and toss it into a BOW. He claimed the jar would explode (kind of like dynamite "fishing" on a smaller scale).


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To a ten year old, calcium carbide rates as one of the greatest products ever.

Who am I kidding, if I had some available now I would still be out in the yard with a lighter and some cannon fuse.


"Forget pounds and ounces, I'm figuring displacement!"

If we accept that: MBG(+)FGSF(=)HBG(F1)
And we surmise that: BG(>)HBG(F1) while GSF(<)HBG(F1)
Would it hold true that: HBG(F1)(+)AM500(x)q.d.(=)1.5lbGRWT?
PB answer: It depends.
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Originally Posted By: Bill D.
When I was a kid, I had a carbide lantern for fishing. Worked pretty well. I think the miners used to use them as well.

I remember a story a guy told me about "fishing" with carbide. I never tried it but his method was to put a big rock in a mason jar (old kind with a glass lid) then add carbide and water. Put on the lid and toss it into a BOW. He claimed the jar would explode (kind of like dynamite "fishing" on a smaller scale).


Two liter bottle, dry ice pellets, add water and screw on cap, chuck out into open water. Good times.


"Forget pounds and ounces, I'm figuring displacement!"

If we accept that: MBG(+)FGSF(=)HBG(F1)
And we surmise that: BG(>)HBG(F1) while GSF(<)HBG(F1)
Would it hold true that: HBG(F1)(+)AM500(x)q.d.(=)1.5lbGRWT?
PB answer: It depends.

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