I went back and modified the abstract adding common names or acronyms to make the abstract more PB friendly reading. Hopefully it makes more sense.

quote:
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Sound Production During Courtship in Six Species of Sunfish (Centrarchidae)
Jerry W. Gerald
Evolution, Vol. 25, No. 1 (Mar., 1971), pp. 75-87
doi:10.2307/2406500
This article consists of 13 page(s).

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Modified quote:
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Abstract
Sounds were recorded in colonies of six species of sunfish (Lepomis megalotis (LES), L. humilis (orange spotted sunfish), L. punctatus (spotted sunfish), L. macrochirus (BG), L. cyanellus (GSF) and L. microlophus (RES)) under natural conditions. No sounds were heard in a seventh species (L. auritus (RBS)) during observations that included 17 courtships and three spawnings. This lack of sound production during courtship may be an important cue for mate recognition in this species. The calls of the sound-producing species consist of a series of grunt-like sounds or popping sounds (in L. microlophus (RES)) and were heard during active courtship of a female by a nesting male. The males produced at least part of the sounds because L. megalotis (LES), L. humilis (orange spotted), and L. macrochirus (BG) males could be induced to court and call to dead females that were manipulated on a string. Also, the jaws of L. microlophus (RES) males could be seen to snap shut as the popping sounds were heard during courtship. The sound producing mechanism in the other species and whether or not the females also produce sounds is not known. Except for the L. microlophus (RES) sounds, which may exhibit transients with frequencies up to about 7 KHz, the frequencies used in these calls is under 2 KHz, with the highest amplitudes under 1 KHz. The mean sound duration for each species is about 0.64 seconds except for L. cyanellus (GSF) which averages 0.36 seconds. The mean pulse repetition rates of L. punctatus (spotted sunfish), L. megalotis (LES), and L. humilis (orange spotted) are different at the 0.01 level. The sounds of L. macrochirus (BG), L. cyanellus (GSF), and L. microlophus (RES) showed almost no pulsation. L. cyanellus (GSF) has a much shorter grunt duration than L. macrochirus (BG) and L. microlophus (RES) and these two differ primarily in the number of sounds per call. L. microlophus (RES) produces one or at most two sounds together while L. macrochirus (BG) almost always produces a series of grunts. The total number of sounds recorded for each species and the percentage showing pulsation are: L. macrochirus (BG) 80 (7%), L. punctatus (spotted) 200 (25%), L. humilis (orange spotted) 199 (66%), L. megalotis (LES) 141 (96%), L. cyanellus (GSF) 24 (0%), and L. microlophus (RES) 34 (0%). Preliminary playback experiments of the courtship sounds indicate that L. megalotis (LES), L. humilis (orange spotted) and possibly L. macrochirus (BG) are attracted to their conspecific calls, at least during spawning. The other species have not been tested yet.